Tugas Praktikum Basis Data (Modul 2)

Tugas Modul 2

1. Buat tabel buku

CREATE TABLE buku(

Kode_buku char( 4 ) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY ,
Judul char( 20 ) default NULL ,
Pengarang char( 15 ) default NULL ,
Jml_buku int( 2 ) default NULL ,
Kode_penerbit char( 2 ) default NULL

);

2. Buat tabel penerbit

CREATE TABLE penerbit(

Kode_penerbit char( 2 ) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY ,

Nama_penerbit char( 15 ) default NULL

);

3. Buat tabel pinjam

CREATE TABLE pinjam(

Tgl_pinjam datetime default NULL ,

Mhs_no_induk char( 9 ) default NULL,

Buk_kode_buku char( 4 ) default NULL,

Tgl_hrs_kembali datetime,

Tgl_kembali datetime

);

Kemudian isikan data pada tabel tersebut.

Insert data pada tabel buku:

insert into buku (Kode_buku,Judul,Pengarang,Jml_buku,Kode_penerbit)

VALUES ('SOO1','DOS','M. Urip','10','01')

insert into buku (Kode_buku,Judul,Pengarang,Jml_buku,Kode_penerbit)

VALUES ('BDO1','dBase III plus','Epsi B','5','01')

insert into buku (Kode_buku,Judul,Pengarang,Jml_buku,Kode_penerbit)

VALUES ('BDO4','Clipper','Ahmad G','4','02')

insert into buku (Kode_buku,Judul,Pengarang,Jml_buku,Kode_penerbit)

VALUES ('FI01','Fisika','Sutrisno','10','04')

Insert data pada tabel penerbit:

insert into penerbit (Kode_penerbit,Nama_penerbit)

VALUES ('O1','Piksi ITB')

insert into penerbit (Kode_penerbit,Nama_penerbit)

VALUES ('O2','Ganesha')

insert into penerbit (Kode_penerbit,Nama_penerbit)

VALUES ('O3','Epsilon')

insert into penerbit (Kode_penerbit,Nama_penerbit)

VALUES ('O4','Gramedia')

Insert data pada tabel pinjam:

insert into pinjam (Tgl_pinjam,Mhs_no_induk,Buk_kode_buku,Tgl_hrs_kembali,Tgl_kembali)

VALUES ('2003/04/20','123010001','S001','2003/04/23','2003/04/23')

insert into pinjam (Tgl_pinjam,Mhs_no_induk,Buk_kode_buku,Tgl_hrs_kembali,Tgl_kembali)

VALUES ('2003/04/20','123010002','BD01','2003/04/23','2003/04/22')

insert into pinjam (Tgl_pinjam,Mhs_no_induk,Buk_kode_buku,Tgl_hrs_kembali,Tgl_kembali)

VALUES ('2003/04/20','123010003','BD04','2003/04/23','2003/04/24')

insert into pinjam (Tgl_pinjam,Mhs_no_induk,Buk_kode_buku,Tgl_hrs_kembali,Tgl_kembali)

VALUES ('2003/04/21','123010003','FI01','2003/04/24','2003/04/25')

insert into pinjam (Tgl_pinjam,Mhs_no_induk,Buk_kode_buku,Tgl_hrs_kembali,Tgl_kembali)

VALUES ('2003/04/21','123010004','S001','2003/04/24','2003/04/25')

insert into pinjam (Tgl_pinjam,Mhs_no_induk,Buk_kode_buku,Tgl_hrs_kembali,Tgl_kembali)

VALUES ('2003/04/21','123010001','BD01','2003/04/24','2003/04/24')

FUCKIN PERFECT

Made a wrong turn
Once or twice
Dug my way out
Blood and fire
Bad decisions
That's alright
Welcome to my silly life
Mistreated, misplaced, missundaztood
Miss "no way it's all good"
It didn't slow me down
Mistaken
Always second guessing
Underestimated
Look, I'm still around...

Pretty, pretty please
Don't you ever, ever feel
Like your less than
Fuckin' perfect
Pretty, pretty please
If you ever, ever feel
Like your nothing
You're fuckin' perfect to me

You're so mean
When you talk
About yourself
You are wrong
Change the voices
In your head
Make them like you
Instead
So complicated
Look how big you'll make it
Filled with so much hatred
Such a tired game
It's enough
I've done all I can think of
Chased down all my demons
See you same

Pretty, pretty please
Don't you ever, ever feel
Like your less than
Fuckin' perfect
Pretty, pretty please
If you ever, ever feel
Like your nothing

You're fuckin' perfect to me
The world stares while I swallow the fear
The only thing I should be drinking is an ice cold beer
So cool in lying and I tried tried
But we try too hard, it's a waste of my time
Done looking for the critics, cuz they're everywhere
They don't like my genes, they don't get my hair
Stringe ourselves and we do it all the time
Why do we do that?
Why do I do that?
Why do I do that?

Ooh, pretty pretty pretty,
Pretty pretty please don't you ever ever feel
Like you're less then, fuckin' perfect
Pretty pretty please if you ever ever feel
Like you're nothing you're fuckin' perfect, to me
You're perfect
You're perfect
Pretty, pretty please don't you ever ever feel like you're less then, fucking perfect
Pretty, pretty please if you ever ever feel like you're nothing you're fucking perfect to me

Laporan Sistem Digital

Gerbang

Gerbang adalah suatu rangkaian logika dengan satu keluaran (output) dan satu atau beberapa masukan (input).

1.      Gerbang AND

Gerbang ini mempunyai dua state masukan. Masing-masing state mempunyai nilai biner, yang merepresentasikan suatu nilai logika, yaitu TRUE dan FALSE. Kunci dari gerbang ini adalah, output}nya akan bernilai TRUE jika kedua inputnya bernilai TRUE.

Analoginya adalah sebagai berikut:

Seorang atasan meminta bawahannya untuk membawa buku AND pensil. Jika bawahan tadi hanya membawa salah satu yang diminta (artinya salah satu yang TRUE), tentu saja hasil pekerjaan tersebut menurut atasan adalah FALSE, apalagi tidak satupun yang dibawa oleh bawahan, tentu juga bernilai FALSE. Atasan akan menganggap benar (TRUE) pekerjaan bawahannya apabila bawahan tersebut membawa kedua yang diminta (dua-duanya bernilai TRUE).

·         Table kebenaran

A	B	C = A.B
0	0	0
0	1	0
1	0	0
1	1	1

·         Simbol gerbang

        

               

·         Struktur IC 7408

                 

2.      Gerbang OR

Gerbang ini mempunyai dua state masukan. Masing-masing state mempunyai nilai biner, yang merepresentasikan suatu nilai logika, yaitu TRUE dan FALSE. Kunci dari gerbang ini adalah, outputnya akan bernilai TRUE jika minimal salah satu inputnya bernilai TRUE.

Analoginya adalah sebagai berikut:

Seorang atasan meminta bawahannya untuk membawa buku OR pensil. Jika bawahan tadi membawa salah satu yang diminta (artinya salah satu yang TRUE), tentu saja hasil pekerjaan tersebut menurut atasan adalah TRUE, apalagi kedua-duanya yang dibawa oleh bawahan, tentu juga bernilai TRUE. Jika tidak satupun yang dibawa (dua-duanya bernilai FALSE), maka hasilnya adalah FALSE.

·         Tabel kebenaran

A	B	C = A.B
0	0	0
0	1	1
1	0	1
1	1	1

·         Simbol gerbang

 

·         Struktur IC    

3.      Menggabungkan AND & OR

·         Simbol gerbang

·         Tabel kebenaran

Kedua	Input
0	0
0	1
1	0
1	1

·         Struktur IC 

       

It was a moment steeped in bliss. Sitting in a pool of lamplight, with the cool night air brushing against my skin I relaxed into the moment. Tender strains of the harp washed over me. As the music swelled and subsided, note by note, my heart felt eased and calmed. My consciousness was drawn away from the petty constraints of everyday life. Magically, all the tensions and strains of a stressful day evaporated. As the lilting sounds of the Celtic harp wrapped themselves around me, I felt refreshed and soothed. As always, this little retreat into a musical space lifted my spirits.

The magic of music

The healing and calming effects of music have been recorded since antiquity. “Music has the capacity to touch the innermost reaches of the soul,” claimed Plato, the Greek philosopher. Pythagoras, also of Greek descent, was extremely interested on the effects of music on human psyche, and even established a school in his effort to study the influence of music on human passions and behaviour. In fact, each night, even as his students slept, Pythagoras, faithfully performed odes and other musical compositions which he maintained had a healing effect on the subconscious. Not only did his students report a night of restful sleep, but some also claimed to have prophetic dreams and visions whenever Pythagoras played his nocturnal odes.

Widespread belief in ancient China also ascribed healing energies to music. The Chinese believe that all musical notes spring from the heart, and hence, every note in the exterior world of sound corresponds to an inner sentiment. Zen master, Su Ma T’sien, who dates back to the 1st century BC, was convinced that music had a direct impact on human behaviour. He stated that harmonious notes had a beneficial effect on human conduct, whereas discordant notes had a deleterious effect.

Closer home, we have the Indian Raga, the exact scales of which provoke the same results. Tansen, one of the nine gems in Akbar’s court, could make a cloud rain when he sang the raga ‘Megh Malhar’; and light an oil lamp with the power of ‘Dipak’ raga.

Music and the mind

Music historian, Cyril Scott clearly demonstrates the effects of music on the human psyche in his book, Music: It’s Secret Influence Down the Ages. He shows, for instance, how the sombre and restrained interiors of the Victorians were co-related to the funeral odes of Handel’s music. In sharp contrast to Handel is Beethoven, whose flamboyant musical style had a powerfully liberating effect on the subconscious, claims Scott.

Another famous study states that listening to classical music for extended periods leads to a heightened sensitivity and greater creativity. This is called The Mozart Effect, a term coined for the alleged increase in brain development in children who were exposed to the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The study states that particular sounds, tones, rhythms and especially the music of Mozart, can strengthen the mind, unlock the creative spirit and even heal the human body. Don Campbell, in his acclaimed book, The Mozart Effect offers dramatic accounts of how doctors, shamans, musicians and healthcare professionals use music to deal with conditions like anxiety, cancer and high blood pressure. The director of a Baltimore coronary care unit claims that half an hour of classical music produces the same effect as 10mg of Valium [a tranquiliser used to relieve anxiety and relax muscles].

Music to heal

For composer and sound healer, Shawna Carol, singing is akin to natural medicine. She has developed a process which she calls ‘Spirit Songs’, which helps people release their emotional and creative blocks, which is therapeutic.

The scientific reason behind all these exploits is very simple. Sound, like electricity and light, is a conventional form of electromagnetic energy. Today, we have a clearer understanding of how vibrational frequencies can affect us at a cellular level. Sound has the ability to rearrange molecular structure. Everything in the universe is in a state of vibration, including the cells in our body. When these cells vibrate harmoniously we experience health. Tranquilising music can alter brain wave patterns and induce a relaxed, calm state in the listener, and has a beneficial effect on health.

No wonder the Egyptians referred to music as the 'physics of the soul'.

Music and emotions

At the emotional level, music acts as a facilitator in altering our moods. Music affects the limbic system, that part of our brain which is the seat of emotion. Hence listening to soft and gentle music calms emotions and brings about a state of mental wellbeing. Music, in itself is neutral energy. It is we who are responsible for its ultimate effect. We need to use the energies of music with awareness. Loud, aggressive and discordant sounds will lead to violent and stressful states, whereas soft, calming music will engender peaceful and loving states. Helene Caya states in her groundbreaking book From Sound Springs Light, "the gentler the music, the more love it transmits."

One of the most beautiful effects of music is the eradication of anxiety. Fear and anxiety are the underlying causes of various psychosomatic disorders. Even listening to harsh, distressing sounds can generate an autosuggestion of fear. Conversely, listening to soothing and harmonious sounds can generate a sense of immediate peace and wellbeing in the listener. Hence, music can be used as an effective therapeutic tool to root out anxiety and keep the mind in control.

Music and the spirit

In all spiritual traditions across the world, music plays an integral part in connecting the individual to his divine source. Lord Krishna is known for stealing the hearts of the gopis by his melodious flute. The Bible states: “Seek out a man who is skilful in playing the harp; and when the evil spirit is upon you, he will play it and you will be well” [I Samuel 16:14-16]. And from the Sufi tradition, Al Ghazali avers, “The purpose of music, considered in relation to God, is to arouse longing for Him, and passionate love for Him.” Intense absorption in a piece of soulful music can lead to a feeling of expansion or elation of spirit. The soul feels intimately connected with the Divine.

This leads to ecstasy and a feeling of joyous wonderment in the listener. The peace of spirit descends upon him.

Listening to Music Could Help You Learn

Next time your dormie tells you to turn the music down, just reply 'it's helping me learn!' A study by the Stanford University School of Medicine found that listening to music can help the brain focus and organize information.

Listening - And Learning

For decades, researchers have been studying the link between learning and listening to music. The concept was introduced into the popular imagination in the early 1990s, when Dr. Alfred A. Tomatis coined the phrase 'the Mozart effect.' The term referred to Dr. Tomatis' finding that listening to Mozart could temporarily improve performance on certain spatial-temporal reasoning tasks, such as the Stanford-Binet IQ test. People quickly mis-translated the finding to 'listening to Mozart makes you smarter,' and a new industry was born: To this day there are all sorts of 'intelligence-boosting' products available that claim to harness the power of Mozart.

The link between music and learning isn't all hype, however. A 2009 study by Joseph M. Piro and Camilo Ortiz published in the Psychology of Music journal found that children who were exposed to music training performed better on vocabulary and reading comprehension tests than those who were not. The researchers hypothesized that studying music helped the children develop the mental coding systems necessary to learn language. Although they acknowledge that this is only a preliminary study - simply having different language instructors may have led to measurable differences in ability - the project is part of a growing body of research that suggests that music and learning are correlated.

Music Helps the Brain Focus

Enter the research team at the Stanford University School of Medicine. During a study designed to measure how the brain sorts out different events, they stumbled upon a concrete physiological link between the acts of listening to music and learning. The researchers played short symphonies by obscure 18th-century composers to subjects while scanning their brains with functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI. The research group found that music 'lights up' areas of the brain involved with making predictions, paying attention and committing details to memory.

But don't switch on that stereo just yet - peak brain activity actually occurred between musical movements. Dr. Vinod Menon, the study's senior author, noted that 'In a concert setting, for example, different individuals listen to a piece of music with wandering attention, but at the transition point between movements, their attention is arrested.' In other words, you get the most brain activity just after, or between, intense musical movements.

'I'm not sure if the baroque composers would have thought of it in this way,' Menon added, 'but certainly from a modern neuroscience perspective, our study shows that this is a moment when individual brains respond in a tightly synchronized manner.'

So what does this mean for students? While Stanford hasn't published a 'learning with music' guide just yet, we think it probably can't hurt to incorporate some tunes into your studying routine. Just remember: Study during the interludes.